Odjn is what is known as a D-Construct, a genetically engineered ('Genic') dragon based from True Dragons - creatures the game gives little to no information on, other than that they were part of the destruction that forced civilization to go underground. That's where the Genic Dragons were created - the ones which we know of being
Odjn, Dva, and
Chetyre. Odjn is also known as the 'Destroyer of a Thousand Years,' because titles are cool.
The Genic Dragons are all deceased by the time the game starts, but they live on as spirits - driven on by their programmed directive of returning to the sky. It's unclear how exactly this works, but both Odjn and Chetyre can choose people to take possession of, granting fabulous powers at a horrible detriment to the body of the person channeling them. Both are also able to rescind these connections at will. This is how the Genic Dragons manage to sustain themselves, despite the death of their bodies - by persisting through humanity. The hosts they choose are called, well, 'Chosen,' and it's government policy to systematically eradicate any that appear due to the vast potential for societal upset they impose.
Despite being long dead, Odjn and Chetyre are locked into a conflict with one another over
how to reach the sky - Odjn desires humanity to once again live upon the surface, and Chetyre wishes to simply get there and rule over it because fuck y'all you've already had your chance.
Dva is a bonus boss so the plot sadly goes kaput on that point.
In the setting of Dragon Quarter, Odjn is not a well-known figure - but he's one that has shaped the entire society of Sheldar all the same. The first human he chose to bond with, Elyon (also known as 'Origin' because titles are still cool) became the effective ruler of the world as a result, and it's he who instituted the D-Ratio system, based on the likelihood for a given human to be able to handle the power of a dragon.
Odjn is, as you might infer, much more benevolent than Chetyre - though his only way of acting is through granting destructive power, his ultimate goal is for it to be used for the good of mankind. His attitude toward Ryu is actually rather fond, maybe even a bit paternal.
Now let's talk about Odjn as a Persona.
Due to Ryu's early canon point, he's not starting off with a good understanding of what Odjn is - he sees the destructive aspect of Odjn, he feels the fear of his body becoming something Other, and knows whatever that is, it's the source of his power. That's why he'll start with
Odjn Descendant, which is exemplified by terrifying amounts of raw strength, and by taking the form of the dead body of Odjn that Ryu encounters early in the game:
It's not quite that big as a Persona, though.
MORE PICTURES
Odjn Descendant:
1 (gorgeous fanart)
2 (game screenshot)
3 (larger version of the image above)
4 (more cool fanart)
5 (fanart of dead odjn + ryu's wyrm form)
Odjn Ascendant:
1 (hey look it kinda looks like he's summoning him)